Julie Blamires, Chiedza Hokoza, Dani Milner, Sally Wainhouse and Mandie Jane Foster
Background The incidence of childhood cancer among children and young people is on the rise and remains the major cause of death amongst children internationally. Fortunately, due to advances in chemotherapy treatment, the survival rate amongst children with cancer has improved but these improvements are unfortunately associated with toxic treatment side effects such as nausea, pain and oral mucositis (OM).
Aim To assess the availability, quality and consistency of recommendations for the prevention and management of OM in children receiving chemotherapy in Australasia.
Methods A review was undertaken on the available Australasian clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on the prevention and management of OM in children receiving oncology treatment.
Findings Four Australasian CPGs met the inclusion criteria – The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Cancer Institute New South Wales, Sydney Children’s Hospital and Starship Children’s Hospital in Auckland. Analysis of the four CPGs generated five themes – education, assessment and risk stratification, mouth care medications, treatment of thrush, and treatment for an established OM.
Conclusion It is evident within Australasia there is no gold standard CPG proven to be effective in preventing or treating OM in the paediatric oncology population. However, an emphasis has been placed on the importance of education and consistent oral care to decrease the likelihood of OM. Nurses have an important role to provide education, evaluate the daily oral status of children, and implement the appropriate interventions to mitigate the likelihood of OM and improve health outcomes. Further co-design research is required with multidisciplinary, parental and consumer involvement to update and generate evidence-based OM CPGs that are effective, meaningful and child friendly.